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Wikipedia: Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH (April 14, 1889 – October 22, 1975) was a British historian whose twelve-volume analysis of the rise and fall of civilizations, A Study of History, 1934-1961, was a synthesis of world history, a metahistory based on universal rhythms of rise, flowering and decline, which examined history from a global perspective.
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![Arnold J. Toynbee in 1961 [Arnold J. Toynbee in 1961]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/ArnoldToynbee1961_1_s.jpg)