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Wikipedia: Philip IV was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and King of Portugal until 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the challenging period of the Thirty Years War (1618–48). On the eve of his death in 1665, the Spanish empire had reached its territorial zenith spanning almost 3 billion acres, but in other respects was already in decline, a process for which Philip's inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform is felt to have contributed.
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![María de Ágreda, a religious advisor to Philip IV during the second half of his reign [María de Ágreda, a religious advisor to Philip IV during the second half of his reign]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Mar_C3_ADa_de_Jes_C3_BAs_de_Agreda_s.jpg)
![Prince Baltasar Carlos with the Count [Prince Baltasar Carlos with the Count]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Baltasar_Carlos_s.jpg)
![Philip dressed as a cuirassier, accompanied by a court dwarf, by Diego Velázquez [Philip dressed as a cuirassier, accompanied by a court dwarf, by Diego Velázquez]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Felipe_IV_3B_Rey_de_Espa_C3_B1a_s.jpg)
![Philip IV at the height of his success, painted c. 1631-2 by Diego Velázquez. [Philip IV at the height of his success, painted c. 1631-2 by Diego Velázquez.]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Felipe_IV_de_casta_C3_B1o_y_plata_2C_by_Diego_Vel_C3_A1zquez_s.jpg)
![Painting of a youthful Philip IV in 1623 by Diego Velázquez, displaying the prominent "Habsburg lip" [Painting of a youthful Philip IV in 1623 by Diego Velázquez, displaying the prominent "Habsburg lip"]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Retrato_de_Felipe_IV_2C_by_Diego_Vel_C3_A1zquez_s.jpg)
![Philip IV's most prominent favourite and minister, the Count [Philip IV's most prominent favourite and minister, the Count]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Retrato_ecuestre_del_conde_duque_de_Olivares_2C_by_Diego_Vel_C3_A1zquez_s.jpg)
![Painting of the striking María Inés Calderón, an actress with whom Philip had an illegitimate son, Juan José in... [Painting of the striking María Inés Calderón, an actress with whom Philip had an illegitimate son, Juan José in...]](http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/LaCalderona_s.jpg)